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Jip de Kok

Jip de Kok

Clinical Data Specialist

Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+)

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About Me

I am a Clinical Data Specialist at the Intensive Care department of Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), applying machine learning and data science to improve healthcare quality and equity in critical care. My research focuses on socioeconomic disparities in ICU outcomes, robust data infrastructure for clinical research, and advanced clustering methods for patient phenotyping. I am currently finalising my PhD and working as a Clinical Data Specialist on data-driven research to improve ICU care.

I graduated from the Maastricht Science Programme (BSc Liberal Arts and Sciences), where I studied computer science, mathematics, and cellular/molecular biology. I then worked as a data analyst at Etil, using Python for dashboarding, data analysis, and pipeline automation. I completed the Systems Biology Master at Maastricht University, learning to use mathematical modelling to understand and predict biological systems. Currently, I work as a Clinical Data Specialist at MUMC+, continuing to apply my skills to improve ICU care through research.

Research

Socioeconomic Disparities in Critical Care

My PhD research investigates how socioeconomic status (SES) influences outcomes in the intensive care unit and how this affects fair benchmarking of hospitals. Using a nationwide Dutch ICU dataset linked to household-level SES information, I've demonstrated clear socioeconomic gradients in hospital mortality — even in a universal healthcare system. This work provides a strong foundation for incorporating SES into risk adjustment for performance metrics.

Data Infrastructure & Responsible Data Sharing

Robust data collection, preparation, and transparent reporting are prerequisites for high-quality ICU research and benchmarking. I've explored practical routes for sharing ICU data under GDPR, demonstrating that responsible data sharing is feasible through multiple approaches — from pseudonymised consent-based sharing to cloud-based non-downloadable access. My work on 'Table 0' documentation presents a best practice for reporting data preparation steps in clinical research.

Advanced Clustering for Patient Phenotyping

I've explored deep embedded clustering (DEC) methods to identify clinically meaningful subgroups from heterogeneous ICU patient populations. By developing an adapted X-shaped DEC framework (X-DEC) that better handles mixed data types, I've shown that deep clustering can yield stable, clinically relevant patient phenotypes. I place particular emphasis on assessing the clinical relevance of identified clusters, and have evaluated cluster generalisability across different hospitals and populations. This work opens new possibilities for precision medicine and equity assessment in critical care.

Publications

Selected publications — full list on ResearchGate

2026
Regional variance in socioeconomic status among Dutch intensive care units: a nationwide cohort study of 588,568 ICU admissions

Koornneef DJM, de Kok JWTM, Termorshuizen F, Schnabel RM, de Keizer NF, van der Horst ICC, van Bussel BCT, Brinkman S

BMC Health Services Research

2026
Socioeconomic Disparities and the Role of Comorbidity in Hospital Mortality: A Dutch Nationwide Critical Care Cohort Study

de Kok JWTM, Koornneef DJM, Termorshuizen F, Schnabel RM, van der Horst ICC, de Keizer NF, Brinkman S, van Bussel BCT

Critical Care Medicine

2026
Good things come in threes: evaluating clinical utility of machine learning-derived clusters

Lisik D, De Kok JWTM, Bermúdez Baró N, Vanfleteren LEGW, Nwaru BI, Basna R

JAMIA Open, 9(3)

2026
Association of right ventricular dysfunction on electrocardiogram with outcomes and ventilatory response in patients monitored by electrical impedance tomography: A cohort study

Rossi A, Mooi FJ, Aydeniz E, Timmermans T, Heines SJH, Van Rosmalen F, De Kok J, Van Der Horst ICC, Sels J-WEM, Bergmans DCJJ, et al.

Heart & Lung, 77

2026
Measuring alarm fatigue in intensive care units: translation and validation of the Charité Alarm Fatigue Questionnaire: a multi-centre study

Gerardu VA, Mosch LK, Kloeze C, de Kok JWTM, Herold IHF, De Bie AJR, Schnabel RM, Strauch U, Dormans T, Wunderlich MM, et al.

Journal of Critical Care, 91

2025
Quantification of facial cues for acute illness: a systematic scoping review

Cramer IC, Cox EGM, de Kok JWTM, Koeze J, Visser M, Bouwman RA, De Bie Dekker A, van der Horst ICC, Bouwman RA, van Bussel BCT

Intensive Care Medicine Experimental, 13(1):17

2025
From introducing Table 0 to forgetting Figure 1: it is time for a reporting guideline for publishing with real-world clinical data. Author's reply

de Kok JWTM, van Bussel BCT, van der Horst ICC, van Rosmalen F

Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 179

2024
Deep embedded clustering generalisability and adaptation for integrating mixed datatypes: two critical care cohorts

de Kok JWTM, van Rosmalen F, Koeze J, Keus F, van Kuijk SMJ, Castela Forte J, Schnabel RM, Driessen RGH, van Herpt TW, Sels J-WEM, et al.

Scientific Reports, 14:1045

2024
Table 0; documenting the steps to go from clinical database to research dataset

de Kok JWTM, van Bussel BCT, Schnabel R, van Herpt TW, Driessen RGH, Meijs DAM, Goossens JA, Mertens HJMM, van Kuijk SMJ, Wynants L, et al.

Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 170:111342

2024
Rotational thromboelastometry as a biomarker for mortality—The Maastricht Intensive Care COVID cohort

Hulshof AM, Nab L, van Rosmalen F, de Kok J, Mulder MMG, Hellenbrand D, Sels JWEM, Ten Cate H, Cannegieter SC, Henskens YMC, et al.

Thrombosis Research, 234:51–58

2024
The association between coronary artery calcification and vectorcardiography in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients: the Maastricht Intensive Care COVID cohort

Aydeniz E, van Rosmalen F, de Kok J, Martens B, Mingels AMA, Canakci ME, Mihl C, Vernooy K, Prinzen FW, Wildberger JE, et al.

Intensive Care Medicine Experimental, 12(1):26

2024
Monitoring of myocardial injury by serial measurements of QRS area and T area: The MaastrICCht cohort

Ghossein MA, de Kok JWTM, Eerenberg F, van Rosmalen F, Boereboom R, Duisberg F, Verharen K, Sels JEM, Delnoij T, Geyik Z, et al.

Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology, 29(5):e70001

2024
460P understanding the clinical heterogeneity in myotonic dystrophy type 1: identifying clinical phenotypes using unsupervised clustering

La Fontaine L, Imkamp M, van As D, Smulders F, Bruijnes J, de Kok J, Faber C, Merkies I, van Kuijk S, et al.

Neuromuscular Disorders, 43

2024
Het opschonen van verpleegkundige notities verbetert de correlatie tussen notities en SOFA-score

Sheth S, de Kok J, Imkamp M, Scholtes J, van der Horst I, van Bussel B, van Rosmalen F

De Intensivist, 32(4)

2023
A guide to sharing open healthcare data under the General Data Protection Regulation

de Kok JWTM, de la Hoz MÁArmengol, de Jong Y, Brokke V, Elbers PWG, Thoral P, Castillejo A, Trenor T, Castellano JM, Bronchalo AE, et al.

Scientific Data, 10:404

n.d.
Associations of wealth, education, and employment with hospital mortality: A Dutch nationwide critical care cohort study

de Kok JWTM, Koornneef DJM, Termorshuizen F, Schnabel RM, van der Horst ICC, de Keizer NF, Brinkman S, van Bussel BCT

Under review

Education & Experience

2026 – Present

Clinical Data Specialist

Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+)

Continuing work as a data scientist at the ICU department, improving quality of care through research and data-driven insights.

2022 – Present

PhD Candidate

Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+)

Applying machine learning and data science to investigate socioeconomic disparities in ICU outcomes, develop robust data infrastructure, and explore advanced clustering for patient phenotyping.

2019 – 2021

Master's Student

Maastricht University

Learned to use mathematical modelling to understand and predict behaviour of various biological systems, predominantly regarding human health.

2018 – 2019

Data Analyst

Etil

Used Python for dashboarding, data analysis, and pipeline automation.

2022 – Present

Board Member

Scouts Association

Helping manage the scouts association as a board member, supporting the organisation and its activities.

2012 – 2022

Scout Leader

Scouts

Led a group of scouts aged 9–11 for 10 years, organising activities, teaching outdoor skills, and mentoring young people.

2015 – 2018

Bachelor's Student

Maastricht Science Programme

Studied computer science, mathematics, and cellular/molecular biology.

2009 – 2015

Pre-university Education (VWO)

Stedelijk Gymnasium, Maastricht

Pre-university education (VWO) with a focus on biology, physics, and chemistry.

Portfolio

Selected projects from my academic journey

Logo Design

Logo designs created during high school and university, including work for Phytome (European Commission-funded research on reducing carcinogenic components in red meat) and the Honours Programme of the Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences at Maastricht University.

Phytome Logo
FHML Honours Programme Logo
Popper Logo
Steigerhout Logo
TGX Logo
Logo

Contact

Feel free to reach out for collaborations, questions, or just to say hello!